To estimate the FFO (Funds From Operations) / Net Debt ratio for ENEL SPA at the end of 2022, we follow these steps: **1. Calculate FFO (Funds From Operations):** FFO is typically calculated as Cash Flows from Operating Activities adjusted for working capital changes and other non-cash items. Based on the provided cash flow statement: * Cash Flows from Operating Activities = 8,674,000,000 EUR * Working Capital Adjustment (Increase/Decrease in Working Capital) = 3,961,000,000 EUR * FFO is generally the cash flow provided by operating activities *before* the changes in working capital. * Calculation: Cash Flows from Operating Activities (8,674,000,000) - Increase Decrease In Working Capital (3,961,000,000) = 4,713,000,000 EUR. **2. Calculate Net Debt:** Net debt is calculated as Total Financial Liabilities (Borrowings) minus Cash and Cash Equivalents and other liquid assets. * Longterm Borrowings = 54,500,000,000 EUR * Shortterm Borrowings = 13,306,000,000 EUR * Current Portion of Longterm Borrowings = 4,031,000,000 EUR * Total Gross Debt = 54,500,000,000 + 13,306,000,000 + 4,031,000,000 = 71,837,000,000 EUR * Cash and Cash Equivalents = 8,858,000,000 EUR * Net Debt = 71,837,000,000 - 8,858,000,000 = 62,979,000,000 EUR **3. Calculate FFO / Net Debt Ratio:** * Ratio = 4,713,000,000 / 62,979,000,000 ≈ 0.07483 (Note: Using standard reporting definitions for FFO as Operating Cash Flow minus change in Working Capital, and Net Debt as total interest-bearing debt minus cash). 0.07483