To estimate the Net Debt to EBITDA ratio for 2022 using the standard S&P Capital IQ methodology, we calculate the standard Net Debt and EBITDA figures based on the provided annual report data. **1. Calculate EBITDA** Under the S&P Capital IQ methodology, standard EBITDA is calculated by adding Depreciation and Amortization to the Operating Income (EBIT). * **Operating Income** ("Profit Loss From Operating Activities"): 239,721,000 EUR * **Depreciation and Amortisation Expense**: 249,276,000 EUR * **EBITDA** = 239,721,000 + 249,276,000 = 488,997,000 EUR **2. Calculate Net Debt** Net debt is calculated as Total Debt (Short-Term plus Long-Term Borrowings) minus Cash and Cash Equivalents. * **Long-Term Borrowings**: 1,695,362,000 EUR * **Current Borrowings And Current Portion Of Noncurrent Borrowings**: 638,944,000 EUR * **Total Debt** = 1,695,362,000 + 638,944,000 = 2,334,306,000 EUR * **Cash And Cash Equivalents**: 365,292,000 EUR * **Net Debt** = 2,334,306,000 - 365,292,000 = 1,969,014,000 EUR **3. Calculate Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio** * **Net Debt / EBITDA** = 1,969,014,000 EUR / 488,997,000 EUR ≈ 4.0266 Rounding to two decimal places, we get 4.03. 4.03