To estimate the FFO / Net Debt ratio for TenneT Holding B.V. for 2022, we first calculate the Funds From Operations (FFO) and the Net Debt using the provided financial data. **1. Calculate Funds From Operations (FFO):** TenneT's FFO is determined by taking the Profit Before Tax and adjusting for non-cash items, followed by deducting taxes paid. - **Profit Before Tax:** -1,233,000,000 EUR - **Adjustments for non-cash items and other operating activities:** - Depreciation and Amortisation: 1,233,000,000 EUR - Losses on disposal of non-current assets: 38,000,000 EUR - Adjustments for undistributed profits of investments: 120,000,000 EUR - Dividends received classified as operating: 92,000,000 EUR - Adjustments for provisions: 104,000,000 EUR - Other adjustments for non-cash items: 1,347,000,000 EUR Subtotal (Operating cash flow before working capital changes and taxes) = -1,233 + 1,233 + 38 + 120 + 92 + 104 + 1,347 = 1,701,000,000 EUR. - **Income Taxes Paid:** 231,000,000 EUR **FFO** = 1,701,000,000 - 231,000,000 = **1,470,000,000 EUR** **2. Calculate Net Debt:** Net Debt is calculated as total interest-bearing borrowings (including lease liabilities) minus cash and cash equivalents. - Long-term borrowings: 19,006,000,000 EUR - Short-term borrowings: 709,000,000 EUR - Non-current lease liabilities: 574,000,000 EUR - Current lease liabilities: 155,000,000 EUR - Total Debt = 19,006 + 709 + 574 + 155 = 20,444,000,000 EUR - Cash and Cash Equivalents: 6,547,000,000 EUR **Net Debt** = 20,444,000,000 - 6,547,000,000 = **13,897,000,000 EUR** **3. FFO / Net Debt Ratio:** Ratio = 1,470,000,000 / 13,897,000,000 ≈ 0.10577 (or 10.6%) 0.106