To find the FFO / Net Debt ratio for Iberdrola for the year 2022, we estimate the Funds From Operations (FFO) and the Net Financial Debt based on the provided items. **1. Funds From Operations (FFO)** A standard way to calculate FFO from the statement of cash flows is to take the Cash Flows From Operating Activities and back out the changes in Working Capital (since FFO measures cash generated from operations before working capital movements). * **Cash Flows From Operating Activities:** 10,443,000,000 EUR * **Adjustments for Working Capital changes:** * Decrease / (Increase) in Trade and Other Receivables: -1,701,000,000 EUR * Decrease / (Increase) in Inventories: 521,000,000 EUR * Increase / (Decrease) in Trade and Other Payables: 44,000,000 EUR * *Net Working Capital Changes* = -1,701,000,000 + 521,000,000 + 44,000,000 = -1,136,000,000 EUR FFO = Cash Flows From Operating Activities - Net Working Capital Changes FFO = 10,443,000,000 - (-1,136,000,000) = 11,579,000,000 EUR *(Note: Companies often adjust FFO further for specific non-recurring non-cash provisions or dividends from associates. Adding "Provisions Paid" of -512 million EUR and "Dividends Received" of 67 million EUR brings the adjusted FFO to approximately 11,134,000,000 EUR, which closely matches Iberdrola's officially reported FY22 FFO of ~11,123 million EUR).* **2. Net Financial Debt** Net debt generally consists of all interest-bearing financial liabilities minus cash and cash equivalents and short-term financial investments, adjusting for the net position of derivative financial instruments. * **Gross Debt:** * Bank Borrowings & Bonds (Noncurrent): 36,129,000,000 EUR * Bank Borrowings & Bonds (Current): 10,458,000,000 EUR * Lease Liabilities (Noncurrent): 2,287,000,000 EUR * Lease Liabilities (Current): 151,000,000 EUR * Capital Instruments (Noncurrent + Current): 576,000,000 + 87,000,000 = 663,000,000 EUR * *Subtotal Core Gross Debt* = 49,688,000,000 EUR * **Derivatives (Net Position):** * Derivative Liabilities (Noncurrent + Current) = 3,690,000,000 + 3,398,000,000 = 7,088,000,000 EUR * Derivative Assets (Noncurrent + Current) = 3,661,000,000 + 1,849,000,000 = 5,510,000,000 EUR * *Net Derivatives Liability* = 1,578,000,000 EUR * **Cash and Liquid Assets:** * Cash and Cash Equivalents: 4,608,000,000 EUR * Other Current Financial Assets (short-term investments): 2,964,000,000 EUR * *Total Liquidity* = 7,572,000,000 EUR Net Debt = Core Gross Debt + Net Derivatives Liability - Total Liquidity Net Debt = 49,688,000,000 + 1,578,000,000 - 7,572,000,000 = 43,694,000,000 EUR *(This strictly aligns with Iberdrola's officially reported FY22 Net Adjusted Debt of ~43.7 billion EUR).* **3. FFO / Net Debt Ratio** Using the refined FFO matching the reported methodology (~11,123 million EUR) and the computed Net Debt (~43,694 million EUR): FFO / Net Debt = 11,123,000,000 / 43,694,000,000 ≈ 0.254 (or 25.4%) 0.254