FFO / Net debt can be estimated as: **FFO = Cash flow from operations before working-capital changes − cash interest paid − cash taxes paid** Using 2022 data: - Cash flows from operations before changes in working capital = **1,202.0 million** - Finance costs paid = **128.0 million** - Income taxes paid = **165.9 million** So: **FFO = 1,202.0 − 128.0 − 165.9 = 908.1 million EUR** Next, estimate net debt at year-end 2022: **Net debt = financial debt + lease liabilities − cash and cash equivalents − current financial assets** Using 2023-01-01 balance sheet values: - Noncurrent financial liabilities = **5,689.9 million** - Current financial liabilities = **650.1 million** - Noncurrent lease liabilities = **55.1 million** - Current lease liabilities = **21.3 million** - Cash and cash equivalents = **1,942.4 million** - Current financial assets = **77.7 million** So: **Net debt = 5,689.9 + 650.1 + 55.1 + 21.3 − 1,942.4 − 77.7 = 4,396.3 million EUR** Therefore: **FFO / Net debt = 908.1 / 4,396.3 = 0.2066**, or about **20.7%**. 0.207