Let’s go step by step.  

**Step 1 – Calculate FFO for 2022**  
We use:  
FFO = Profit attributable to owners of parent (continuing + discontinued) + Depreciation/Amortization/Impairment + Other non-cash adjustments – Gains on disposals + adjustments for associates  

From the data:  
- Profit attributable to owners = 1,649 M€  
- Depreciation/Amortization/Impairment = 1,532 M€  
- Impairment of financial assets (increase in allowance for credit losses) = -228 M€ (already included in operating profit)  
- Other gains/losses = -111 M€ (includes non-operating items, but if non-cash, we could add back, but let’s check: “Other Gains Losses” line usually includes impairments/write-downs, so likely mostly non-cash)  
- Gains on disposal of PP&E = 8 M€ (to subtract)  

For simplicity, typical FFO calculation here:  
FFO ≈ Net Income to parent + D&A + Impairments – Gains on sales  

So:  
1,649 + 1,532 + 228 – 8 = 3,401 M€  

**Step 2 – Calculate Net Debt**  
Net Debt = Noncurrent borrowings + Current borrowings – Cash  

- Noncurrent borrowings (2023-01-01): 12,689 M€  
- Current borrowings (2023-01-01): 2,110 M€  
- Cash (2023-01-01): 3,985 M€  

Net Debt = 12,689 + 2,110 – 3,985 = 10,814 M€  

**Step 3 – FFO / Net Debt**  
= 3,401 / 10,814 ≈ 0.3145, or 31.45%  

<answer>0.3145</answer>