Let's reason step-by-step. **1. Identify the FFO (Funds From Operations) for 2022:** From the statement of cash flows (indirect method), FFO is typically calculated by adjusting net profit for non-cash items. We have: - "Profit Loss" (2022): 1,169,749,000 EUR - "Adjustments For Depreciation And Amortisation Expense And Impairment Loss Reversal Of Impairment Loss Recognised In Profit Or Loss" (2022): 1,979,007,000 EUR - "Adjustments For Provisions" (2022): 14,539,000 EUR - "Adjustments For Joint Ventures And Associates" (2022): -208,684,000 EUR (this is a non-cash adjustment adding back the share of profits not received in cash; usually deducted from FFO if not received, but since it's shown as an adjustment to reconcile profit to operating cash flows, it's typically part of the FFO calculation) - "Adjustments For Finance Income Cost" (2022): 910,220,000 EUR (this is net finance cost added back because FFO is before interest) Also, other non-cash items: - "Other Adjustments To Reconcile Profit Loss" (2022): -1,384,104,000 EUR — this likely includes gains/losses on disposal and scope effects, which should be excluded from FFO. But "Gains Losses On Disposal And Scope Effects Except Asset Rotation" (2022): -4,377,000 EUR could be part of this. However, the simplest approximation of FFO is: FFO = EBITDA - Net financial costs - Current taxes But given the data, we can use: FFO = Cash flows from operations before changes in working capital. We can get this from the cash flow statement: "Cash Flows From Used In Operations" (2022): 4,200,324,000 EUR (this is after changes in working capital). To get FFO, we subtract the changes in working capital: - Adjustments for decrease/increase in trade receivables: +405,817,000 - Adjustments for increase/decrease in trade payables: +766,260,000 - Changes in working capital to personnel: -142,137,000 - Changes in working capital for regulatory assets: +502,859,000 Sum of WC changes = 405,817k + 766,260k - 142,137k + 502,859k = 1,532,799,000 EUR FFO = Cash from operations - WC changes = 4,200,324,000 - 1,532,799,000 = 2,667,525,000 EUR. Alternatively, starting from "Profit Loss Before Financial Income And Financial Expenses Income Tax Expense And Extraordinary Contribution To The Energy Sector CESE" (2022): 2,529,993,000 EUR, adding back depreciation (1,979,007,000), provisions (14,539,000), and JV adjustments (-208,684,000) gives EBITDA-type figure. Then subtract finance costs net? Actually, EBITDA = 2,529,993k + 1,979,007k = 4,509,000? No, the "Profit Loss Before Provisions Amortisation..." is already EBITDA: 4,523,539,000 EUR. Then FFO = EBITDA - net financial costs - taxes paid? But easier to stick to the first method. First method result: **FFO = 2,667,525,000 EUR**. **2. Identify Net Debt for 2022:** Net debt = Total borrowings - Cash and equivalents. - "Longterm Borrowings" (2023-01-01): 15,782,604,000 EUR - "Current Borrowings And Current Portion Of Noncurrent Borrowings" (2023-01-01): 4,239,869,000 EUR Total borrowings = 15,782,604k + 4,239,869k = 20,022,473,000 EUR. Also, "Institutional Partnerships In North America" (2023-01-01): 2,212,162,000 EUR might count as debt, but it's usually separate. Let’s assume standard net debt is just borrowings minus cash. Cash and equivalents (2023-01-01): 4,900,205,000 EUR. Net debt = 20,022,473,000 - 4,900,205,000 = 15,122,268,000 EUR. **3. FFO / Net Debt ratio:** FFO / Net debt = 2,667,525,000 / 15,122,268,000 ≈ 0.1764. So the ratio is 0.176 (or 17.6%). 0.176