To estimate the FFO / Net debt ratio for 2022, I need to calculate the Funds From Operations (FFO) and Net Debt for the 2022 fiscal year. **1. Calculate Funds From Operations (FFO)** FFO is typically calculated as EBITDA - Finance costs - Income tax paid, though other adjustments exist. A common proxy from the given data is: * EBITDA (Beneficio Bruto De Explotacion Ebitda) for 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01: 13,228,000,000 EUR. * Finance Costs for 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01: 3,042,000,000 EUR. * Income Taxes Paid Classified As Operating Activities for 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01: 1,055,000,000 EUR. FFO = EBITDA - Finance Costs - Income Tax Paid FFO = 13,228,000,000 - 3,042,000,000 - 1,055,000,000 FFO = 9,131,000,000 EUR **2. Calculate Net Debt** Net Debt is calculated as Total Financial Debt - Cash and Cash Equivalents. First, let's calculate total financial debt. We sum the long-term and short-term financial liabilities that constitute debt. *Non-current financial liabilities:* * Deudas Con Entidades De Credito Y Obligaciones U Otros Valores Negociables (Non-current): 36,129,000,000 EUR * Instrumentos De Capital Con Caracteristicas De Pasivo Financiero No Corriente: 576,000,000 EUR * Non-current Lease Liabilities: 2,287,000,000 EUR * Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 1,534,000,000 EUR * Noncurrent Derivative Financial Liabilities: 3,690,000,000 EUR (Note: Sometimes derivatives are excluded, but I will include all financial liabilities defined in the standard calculation or as available. A common definition for net debt focuses on interest-bearing debt, including lease liabilities, but often excludes derivatives and "other" if not clearly defined. I will use a standard broad interpretation since a specific breakdown is given but not defined.) Total Non-current Financial Liabilities: 36,129,000,000 + 576,000,000 + 2,287,000,000 + 1,534,000,000 + 3,690,000,000 = 44,216,000,000 EUR (Matches the "Noncurrent Financial Liabilities" line item). *Current financial liabilities:* * Deudas Con Entidades De Credito Y Obligaciones U Otros Valores Negociables Corrientes: 10,458,000,000 EUR * Instrumentos De Capital Con Caracteristicas De Pasivo Financiero Corriente: 87,000,000 EUR * Current Lease Liabilities: 151,000,000 EUR * Other Current Financial Liabilities: 5,058,000,000 EUR * Current Derivative Financial Liabilities: 3,398,000,000 EUR Total Current Financial Liabilities: 10,458,000,000 + 87,000,000 + 151,000,000 + 5,058,000,000 + 3,398,000,000 = 19,152,000,000 EUR (Note: "Current Financial Liabilities" sum is 25,079,000,000. The difference is "Trade and other payables to trade suppliers" (5,927,000,000), which is not typically considered financial debt). *Cash and Cash Equivalents (as of 2023-01-01):* 4,608,000,000 EUR Total Debt = 44,216,000,000 + 19,152,000,000 = 63,368,000,000 EUR Net Debt = 63,368,000,000 - 4,608,000,000 = 58,760,000,000 EUR **3. Calculate the ratio** FFO / Net Debt = 9,131,000,000 / 58,760,000,000 = 0.1553... 0.155