To estimate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio for 2022 based on the S&P methodology, we need to calculate the Net Debt and the EBITDA for the year ending 2023-01-01 (which represents the 2022 fiscal year). 1. **Calculate Net Debt**: S&P defines Net Debt as total debt (financial liabilities) minus cash and cash equivalents. - **Long-term Borrowings**: 19,006,000,000 EUR - **Short-term Borrowings**: 709,000,000 EUR - **Current Bank Overdrafts**: 0 EUR - **Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities**: 185,000,000 EUR - **Other Current Financial Liabilities**: 550,000,000 EUR - **Noncurrent Lease Liabilities**: 574,000,000 EUR - **Current Lease Liabilities**: 155,000,000 EUR Total Debt = 19,006 + 709 + 0 + 185 + 550 + 574 + 155 = 21,179,000,000 EUR. - **Cash and Cash Equivalents**: 6,547,000,000 EUR Net Debt = Total Debt - Cash & Cash Equivalents = 21,179,000,000 - 6,547,000,000 = 14,632,000,000 EUR. 2. **Calculate EBITDA**: Under S&P methodology, EBITDA is calculated as Operating Profit (or Loss) plus Depreciation and Amortization. - **Profit Loss From Operating Activities**: -976,000,000 EUR - **Depreciation And Amortisation Expense**: 1,233,000,000 EUR EBITDA = -976,000,000 + 1,233,000,000 = 257,000,000 EUR. 3. **Calculate Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio**: Ratio = Net Debt / EBITDA = 14,632,000,000 / 257,000,000 ≈ 56.92607. 56.93