I need to calculate the FFO (Funds From Operations) / Net Debt ratio for ERG S.p.A. for 2022. ## Step 1: Understanding FFO FFO (Funds From Operations) is typically calculated as: FFO = Net Income + Depreciation & Amortization - Changes in Working Capital (or sometimes using Operating Cash Flow) The most reliable approach here is to use Operating Cash Flow from the cash flow statement. ## Step 2: Identify the relevant figures for 2022 (the period 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01) **Operating Cash Flow:** - Cash Flows From Used In Operating Activities: 458,926,000 EUR This represents the total operating cash flow for 2022. ## Step 3: Calculate Net Debt **Total Financial Liabilities:** - Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 1,751,255,000 EUR - Noncurrent Financial Liabilities At Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss: 0 EUR - Other Current Financial Liabilities: 389,716,000 EUR - Current Financial Liabilities At Fair Value Through Profit Or Loss: 76,644,000 EUR Total Debt = 1,751,255,000 + 0 + 389,716,000 + 76,644,000 = 2,217,615,000 EUR **Less: Cash and Cash Equivalents:** - Cash And Cash Equivalents: 392,811,000 EUR **Net Debt = 2,217,615,000 - 392,811,000 = 1,824,804,000 EUR** ## Step 4: Calculate FFO / Net Debt Ratio Using Operating Cash Flow as a proxy for FFO: FFO / Net Debt = 458,926,000 / 1,824,804,000 = 0.2515 This ratio of approximately 0.25 indicates that the annual operating cash flow covers about 25% of net debt. 0.2515