I need to analyze Moody's adjusted leverage for ENEL SPA in 2022. Moody's adjusted leverage typically focuses on debt/EBITDA or similar metrics, considering adjustments for pensions, leases, and other items. Let me first calculate key financial metrics from the data provided. **Revenue and Profitability:** - Revenue 2022: €140,517M - Revenue 2021: €85,719M - Operating profit (Profit Loss From Operating Activities) 2022: €11,193M - Operating profit 2021: €7,551M **EBITDA proxy:** I need to add back depreciation/amortization to operating profit: - Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment 2022: €7,447M - Depreciation Amortisation And Impairment 2021: €8,507M EBITDA 2022 = 11,193 + 7,447 = €18,640M EBITDA 2021 = 7,551 + 8,507 = €16,058M **Debt analysis:** From the balance sheet, let me look at borrowings: - Longterm Borrowings 2023-01-01: €68,191M - Longterm Borrowings 2022-01-01: €54,500M - Shortterm Borrowings 2023-01-01: €18,392M - Shortterm Borrowings 2022-01-01: €13,306M - Current Portion Of Longterm Borrowings 2023-01-01: €2,835M - Current Portion Of Longterm Borrowings 2022-01-01: €4,031M Total debt at end 2022 (2023-01-01): 68,191 + 18,392 + 2,835 = €89,418M Total debt at end 2021 (2022-01-01): 54,500 + 13,306 + 4,031 = €71,837M **Debt/EBITDA (simplified leverage):** 2022: 89,418 / 18,640 = 4.80x 2021: 71,837 / 16,058 = 4.47x This shows leverage increasing (deteriorating) based on this simple calculation. However, let me also consider: - Operating cash flow: €8,674M in 2022 vs €9,915M in 2021 (declining) - Free cash flow (Operating CF - CapEx): 8,674 - 11,281 - 1,961 - 1,261 = negative in 2022 **Key observations for Moody's adjustments:** 1. Revenue increased significantly (65.6% growth), mainly due to higher energy prices 2. Operating profit improved significantly (48.2% growth) 3. But debt increased even faster (24.5% growth) 4. EBITDA margin improved but not enough to offset debt growth **Moody's specific considerations:** - Pension deficits: Provisions for employee benefits decreased from €2,724M to €2,202M (improving) - Working capital: Significant increase in inventories (€3,109M to €4,853M) and receivables - Derivatives: Large derivative positions (assets and liabilities) suggest hedging activities **Cash flow from operations declined** from €9,915M to €8,674M despite higher revenue, indicating working capital pressure and potentially lower quality earnings. **Capital expenditure increased:** Total purchase of PPE and intangibles was €13,242M in 2022 vs €12,201M in 2021. The key issue is that while EBITDA grew, debt grew faster. The debt/EBITDA ratio worsened from approximately 4.5x to 4.8x. Additionally, the cash flow generation relative to debt weakened. For a utility like ENEL, Moody's would also consider: - Regulatory environment - Asset base growth (capex vs depreciation) - Discontinued operations showing losses (-€2,298M in 2022) The trend shows: - Higher absolute debt levels - Debt growing faster than EBITDA - Operating cash flow declining - Negative free cash flow (after capex) This indicates **deteriorating** leverage trends from a credit perspective, as the company's debt burden is increasing relative to its earnings and cash generation capacity. Deteriorating