To gauge the trend in Moody’s adjusted leverage for 2022 we need to compare the company’s adjusted debt to its EBITDA for 2022 versus 2021. **1. Adjusted debt** Moody’s adjusted debt includes all financial liabilities (debt, lease obligations, hybrid securities, derivatives) and provisions, net of cash and short‑term liquid assets. *Financial liabilities (incl. leases, hybrids, derivatives, provisions)* | Item (2022‑01‑01) | Amount (€ B) | |-------------------|-------------| | Financial debt (short‑ and long‑term bonds/loans) | 46.6 | | Hybrid capital instruments | 0.66 | | Lease liabilities (right‑of‑use) | 2.44 | | Derivative financial liabilities | 7.09 | | Other financial liabilities | 6.59 | | Finance‑type assets ceded to third parties | 5.67 | | Provisions (current & non‑current) | 7.30 | | **Total financial liabilities** | **76.3** | *Cash & liquid assets to net out* | Item (2022‑01‑01) | Amount (€ B) | |-------------------|-------------| | Cash & cash equivalents | 4.61 | | Current financial assets (incl. other short‑term investments) | 9.63 | | **Total cash & short‑term assets** | **14.24** | **Adjusted debt (2022)** = 76.3 – 14.2 ≈ **62.1 B** For 2021 the same calculation gives: - Total financial liabilities ≈ 66.4 B - Cash & short‑term assets ≈ 12.8 B **Adjusted debt (2021)** ≈ 53.7 B **2. EBITDA** - 2022 EBITDA = 13.23 B - 2021 EBITDA = 12.01 B **3. Leverage ratios** - 2022 leverage = 62.1 B / 13.23 B ≈ **4.70×** - 2021 leverage = 53.7 B / 12.01 B ≈ **4.47×** The ratio rose from 4.47× to 4.70×, indicating that adjusted debt grew faster than earnings. **4. Trend assessment** An increase in the adjusted debt‑to‑EBITDA ratio points to a **deteriorating** leverage profile. Deteriorating