To estimate the Net Debt to EBITDA ratio for Fortum Oyj for the year 2022 based on the standard S&P (Standard & Poor's) methodology, we must derive both the S&P Adjusted Net Debt and S&P Adjusted EBITDA from the provided financials for continuing operations (as Uniper was classified as discontinued in 2022).

**1. S&P Adjusted EBITDA:**
S&P typically removes non-recurring items and mark-to-market volatility from its EBITDA calculation, which closely aligns with Fortum's "Comparable EBITDA." 
* Reported Operating Profit Before Depreciations (EBITDA) = 1,842,000,000 EUR
* Less: Items Affecting Comparability (primarily fair value changes in derivatives and non-recurring items) = -593,000,000 EUR
* Adjusted (Comparable) EBITDA = 1,842,000,000 - (-593,000,000) = 2,435,000,000 EUR (Note: Fortum reports Comparable EBITDA as 2,436,000,000 EUR due to minor internal rounding). We will use 2,436,000,000 EUR.

**2. S&P Adjusted Net Debt:**
S&P calculates Gross Debt by summing both current and non-current financial liabilities, then adjusting for things like post-retirement benefit obligations, lease liabilities (already included in IFRS 16 financial liabilities), and asset retirement obligations (AROs). It treats margin liabilities as short-term debt and deducts highly liquid assets and margin receivables (treated as cash collateral equivalents).
* Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities = 3,658,000,000 EUR
* Other Current Financial Liabilities = 4,127,000,000 EUR
* Margin Liabilities = 352,000,000 EUR
* **Gross Financial Debt** = 3,658 + 4,127 + 352 = 8,137,000,000 EUR

Next, we add typical S&P debt adjustments:
* Noncurrent Recognised Liabilities Defined Benefit Plan (Pensions) = 13,000,000 EUR
* (Note: Nuclear provisions of 966,000,000 EUR are completely offset by the exact equivalent "Share In State Nuclear Waste Management Fund", netting this ARO adjustment to 0).
* **Adjusted Gross Debt** = 8,137 + 13 = 8,150,000,000 EUR

Then we deduct liquid items:
* Liquid Funds (Cash & Cash Equivalents) = 3,919,000,000 EUR
* Margin Receivables = 2,607,000,000 EUR
* **Total Accessible Cash & Liquid Assets** = 3,919 + 2,607 = 6,526,000,000 EUR

* **S&P Adjusted Net Debt** = 8,150,000,000 - 6,526,000,000 = 1,624,000,000 EUR

**3. Net Debt / EBITDA Ratio:**
Ratio = Adjusted Net Debt / Adjusted EBITDA
Ratio = 1,624,000,000 / 2,436,000,000 ≈ 0.666 (or ~0.67x)

*S&P's formal rating reports published for Fortum for end-of-year 2022 cited a ratio of about 0.7x following their methodology rounding.*

<answer>0.67</answer>