To estimate the Net Debt / EBITDA ratio based on the standard S&P Global Ratings methodology, we must make specific adjustments to the reported figures. **1. S&P EBITDA Calculation:** S&P defines EBITDA as EBIT (Operating Profit) plus Depreciation and Amortization (D&A), adjusted for non-recurring items (like gains/losses on asset sales) and the cash impact of equity investments (excluding the non-cash share of profit from associates and including the actual cash dividends received). * **Operating Profit (EBIT):** -976 million EUR * **Add D&A:** +1,233 million EUR * **Deduct Share of Profit of Associates:** -120 million EUR * **Add Dividends Received from Associates:** +92 million EUR * **Add back Loss on Disposal of Noncurrent Assets** (Non-recurring/non-cash adjustment): +38 million EUR *S&P Adjusted EBITDA = -976 + 1,233 - 120 + 92 + 38 = 267 million EUR* **2. S&P Net Debt Calculation:** Under S&P methodology, gross debt includes standard financial borrowings, lease liabilities, unfunded defined-benefit pension liabilities, and 50% of hybrid capital (as standard hybrid bonds with intermediate equity content are treated as 50% debt and 50% equity). Accessible cash and cash equivalents are then deducted. * **Long-term Borrowings:** 19,006 million EUR * **Short-term Borrowings:** 709 million EUR * **Noncurrent Lease Liabilities:** 574 million EUR * **Current Lease Liabilities:** 155 million EUR * **Pension Liabilities (Defined Benefit Plan):** 174 million EUR * **Hybrid Capital (50% Debt Treatment of 2,125M):** 1,062.5 million EUR * *Total S&P Adjusted Gross Debt = 21,680.5 million EUR* * **Less Cash and Cash Equivalents:** -6,547 million EUR * *S&P Adjusted Net Debt = 21,680.5 - 6,547 = 15,133.5 million EUR* **3. Ratio Calculation:** *Net Debt / EBITDA = 15,133.5 / 267 ≈ 56.68* 56.68