To calculate the Funds From Operations (FFO) to Net Debt ratio based on Standard & Poor's (S&P) methodology, we first determine the FFO and the Adjusted Net Debt. **1. Funds From Operations (FFO)** S&P generally calculates FFO as Net Income adjusted for non-cash items, primarily Depreciation & Amortization (D&A) and Deferred Taxes. - **Net Income (Profit Loss):** 111,771,000 EUR - **Depreciation and Amortisation Expense:** 249,276,000 EUR - **Deferred Tax Expense:** Calculated from the change in Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities adjusted for taxes registered directly in equity (OCI). - Change in Deferred Tax Assets: 96,673,000 - 69,803,000 = 26,870,000 EUR (Expense) - Change in Deferred Tax Liabilities: 115,064,000 - 107,569,000 = 7,495,000 EUR (Expense) - Total Change in Net Deferred Taxes = 34,365,000 EUR - Less: Taxes allocated to OCI (Remeasurements of DB plans: 8,175,000 + Cash Flow Hedges: 21,016,000 - FVOCI Assets: 4,368,000 = 24,823,000 EUR) - Deferred Tax Expense in P&L = 34,365,000 - 24,823,000 = 9,542,000 EUR *FFO Estimate* = Net Income + D&A + Deferred Taxes *FFO* = 111,771,000 + 249,276,000 + 9,542,000 = 370,589,000 EUR *(Note: S&P sometimes fine-tunes this by swapping Equity Income [11.8M] for Cash Dividends Received [21.5M] from associates, which would push FFO to ~380.3M. Both yield practically similar ratio outcomes).* **2. Net Debt** S&P’s standard net debt excludes accessible cash and equivalents from gross interest-bearing debt. - **Long-term Borrowings:** 1,695,362,000 EUR - **Current Borrowings:** 638,944,000 EUR - **Total Gross Debt:** 2,334,306,000 EUR - **Less: Cash and Cash Equivalents:** 365,292,000 EUR *Reported Net Borrowings* = 2,334,306,000 - 365,292,000 = 1,969,014,000 EUR *(Note: Adding tax-effected pension provisions of ~50M EUR brings Adjusted Net Debt to roughly 2,019,000,000 EUR).* **3. FFO / Net Debt Ratio** Using the core estimates: Ratio = 370,589,000 / 1,969,014,000 ā‰ˆ 0.188 (or 18.8%) Incorporating refined adjustments (Dividends received and Pension debt): Ratio = 380,328,000 / 2,019,000,000 ā‰ˆ 0.188 (or 18.8%) Rounding to two decimal places, the FFO/Net Debt ratio stands at 0.19. 0.19