To estimate the FFO (Funds From Operations) to Net Debt ratio for Ørsted A/S for 2022 based on S&P Global Ratings methodology, we first calculate the S&P adjusted FFO and S&P adjusted Net Debt from the provided data. **1. S&P Adjusted FFO** S&P generally starts with reported EBITDA and deducts net cash interest paid and cash taxes paid. S&P treats 50% of the hybrid capital coupon as an interest expense and typically includes farm-down gains (as it views them as part of Ørsted's normal operating model). * **Reported EBITDA** = Profit Loss From Operating Activities Before Interest Taxes Depreciation And Amortisation Expense = 32,057 million DKK * **Net Cash Interest Paid** = Interest Paid (8,548) - Interest Received (7,985) = 563 million DKK * **Hybrid Coupon Adjustment** = 50% of Coupon Payments On Hybrid Capital (529) = 264.5 million DKK * **Cash Taxes Paid** = Income Taxes Paid Classified As Operating Activities = 1,263 million DKK *S&P Adjusted FFO* = 32,057 - 563 - 264.5 - 1,263 = **29,966.5 million DKK** **2. S&P Adjusted Net Debt** S&P adjusts reported debt by including 50% of hybrid capital, operating leases, U.S. tax equity liabilities, and asset retirement obligations (AROs), while deducting accessible cash and liquid short-term investments. * **Borrowings** = Short-term (2,830) + Long-term (60,451) = 63,281 million DKK * **Lease Liabilities** = Current (569) + Noncurrent (7,697) = 8,266 million DKK * **Tax Equity Partner Liabilities** = Current (1,903) + Noncurrent (14,490) = 16,393 million DKK * **Hybrid Capital (50%)** = 50% of 19,793 = 9,896.5 million DKK * **Asset Retirement Obligations / Provisions** = Current (585) + Noncurrent (19,121) = 19,706 million DKK (assuming pre-tax for standard inclusion) * *Gross Adjusted Debt* = 63,281 + 8,266 + 16,393 + 9,896.5 + 19,706 = 117,542.5 million DKK *Deductions for Cash and Liquid Investments:* * **Cash** = 16,178 million DKK * **Current Financial Assets At Fair Value (Securities)** = 25,197 million DKK *S&P Adjusted Net Debt* = 117,542.5 - 16,178 - 25,197 = **76,167.5 million DKK** **3. FFO to Net Debt Ratio** *FFO / Net Debt* = 29,966.5 / 76,167.5 ≈ 0.3934 or 39.3% *(Note: If S&P tax-effects the AROs at the Danish corporate rate of 22%, the net debt is slightly lower, yielding a ratio of ~41.7%. Both figures center around the S&P published figure of ~40% for Ørsted in 2022. We use the pre-tax straightforward calculation here).* 39.3