To estimate the **FFO / Net debt ratio for 2022 using an S&P-style approach**, we approximate: **FFO = CFO before working capital movements** From the cash flow data for 2022: - Cash flows from operating activities = **€4,242m** - Increase / decrease in working capital = **-€272m** Since reported CFO includes the working capital outflow, we add it back to estimate FFO: \[ \text{FFO} \approx 4{,}242 - (-272) = 4{,}514 \text{ million EUR} \] So estimated **FFO = €4.514bn**. Next, estimate **net debt**. Use financial liabilities less cash and cash equivalents: Financial debt: - Noncurrent financial liabilities = **€13,999m** - Current financial liabilities = **€2,302m** \[ \text{Gross debt} = 13{,}999 + 2{,}302 = 16{,}301 \text{ million EUR} \] Cash and cash equivalents: - Cash and cash equivalents = **€3,985m** \[ \text{Net debt} = 16{,}301 - 3{,}985 = 12{,}316 \text{ million EUR} \] Then: \[ \text{FFO / Net debt} = \frac{4{,}514}{12{,}316} = 0.3665 \] As a percentage: \[ 0.3665 \times 100 = 36.65\% \] Rounded, the estimated **FFO / Net debt ratio for 2022** is approximately **36.7%**. 36.7