To estimate **FFO / Net debt** using an S&P-style approach: 1. **Funds from operations (FFO)** is approximated as: - Cash flows from operations before working-capital changes, **less cash taxes paid**, or equivalently - EBITDA-like operating cash generation adjusted for cash interest and taxes. From the data: - Cash flows from operations before changes in working capital = **€1,062.464m** - This figure appears to include tax effects presentation inconsistently, so a practical S&P-style proxy is: - EBITDA / Gross profit = **€1,305.021m** - Less net cash interest: interest paid €114.121m less interest received €29.243m = **€84.878m** - Less cash taxes paid = **€178.506m** Estimated FFO: \[ 1{,}305.021 - 84.878 - 178.506 = 1{,}041.637\text{ million} \] 2. **Net debt** is approximated from financial debt less cash and cash equivalents: - Noncurrent financial liabilities = **€4,722.263m** - Current financial liabilities = **€619.418m** - Gross financial debt = **€5,341.681m** - Cash and cash equivalents = **€559.908m** Net debt: \[ 5{,}341.681 - 559.908 = 4{,}781.773\text{ million} \] 3. **FFO / Net debt**: \[ \frac{1{,}041.637}{4{,}781.773} = 0.2178 \approx 21.8\% \] 21.8%