Reasoning: Hybrid bond origination is most promising where the issuer has (1) demonstrated use of hybrid/perpetual subordinated instruments, (2) large refinancing or balance-sheet needs, (3) capital-structure pressure that makes equity-credit instruments attractive, and (4) sufficient market scale to absorb a benchmark hybrid transaction. **1) EDF — strongest first target** EDF is the clearest priority. It already has a track record with perpetual subordinated bonds / subordinated and convertible instruments, with payments to holders and issuance/redemption activity disclosed. In 2022 it also raised substantial debt financing and issued subordinated liabilities / convertible instruments. Its 2022 results show severe pressure: a **€18.2bn loss**, negative operating cash flow, sharply higher borrowings, and equity falling from **€62.0bn to €46.6bn**. This combination creates a strong rationale for capital-strengthening instruments that can receive partial equity treatment from rating agencies while avoiding common equity dilution. EDF is also by far the largest balance sheet and debt-capital-markets issuer among the three, making it the most actionable hybrid-bond prospect despite state ownership and policy considerations. **2) Veolia — strong second target** Veolia is also a very attractive hybrid candidate. It explicitly has “deeply subordinated securities” outstanding, with a balance rising to about **€3.5bn** after the Suez-related contribution, and it has a history of issuing and redeeming such instruments. The Suez acquisition materially enlarged the balance sheet and financial liabilities, and hybrids are clearly part of its capital toolkit. However, compared with EDF, Veolia’s 2022 operating performance was much healthier: revenue and profit increased, operating cash flow was positive, and the balance-sheet stress is less acute. That makes Veolia highly relevant, but somewhat less urgent than EDF. **3) Redeia — third target** Redeia is financially solid and investment-grade-like, with stable profits, positive operating cash flow, and moderate leverage for an infrastructure utility. However, the data does not show an established hybrid/perpetual subordinated securities programme. Its equity increased materially, leverage declined, and there is less immediate pressure to raise equity-credit capital. Redeia could still be approached opportunistically as a defensive infrastructure issuer, but relative to EDF and Veolia it is a less compelling near-term hybrid origination prospect. B,A,C