Let's go step-by-step. **1. Identify FFO (Funds From Operations)** S&P’s FFO is generally: - Net income from continuing operations - Plus depreciation & amortization - Plus impairments - Minus gains from asset sales - Minus equity income (unless dividends received are shown) - Plus deferred taxes (changes) and other non-cash items. From the given data for 2022: - Profit/Loss from continuing operations: **-18,231,000,000 EUR** - Depreciation & Amortisation Expense: **+11,079,000,000 EUR** - Impairment Loss: **+1,762,000,000 EUR** - Adjustments for Losses/Gains on Disposal of Non-Current Assets: **+143,000,000 EUR** (in cash flow statement it’s -143, so to reverse a gain we add it). - Share of Profit of Associates/JVs: **-759,000,000 EUR** (deduct because it’s not cash income unless dividends received; dividends received 590M is already separate). - Income Tax Expense (Continuing Operations): **-3,926,000,000 EUR** (we’ll adjust for deferred component later). - Net Changes in Fair Value on derivatives: This is a non-cash item; it’s already embedded in operating profit. The operating profit before depreciation is -4,986M, so I’ll follow the cash flow reconciliation approach instead. Looking at the cash flow statement reconciliation: - Net cash from operations before financial expenses and taxes: **-5,140,000,000 EUR** - Less: Change in Working Capital: **+8,301,000,000 EUR** (to reverse WC effect) - That gives operating funds before interest/tax: **3,161,000,000 EUR** - Less: Net financial expenses disbursed (including dividends received): **-1,003,000,000 EUR** - Less: Income taxes paid (refund): **-1,282,000,000 EUR**. But S&P FFO is before working capital changes. So: FFO = Net cash from operations before WC changes and before interest and tax, minus interest paid, minus tax paid. Using data: - Net cash from ops before WC changes, interest, and tax = -5,140M + 8,301M = **3,161M EUR** - Subtract: Interest paid (net financial expenses disbursed incl. dividends received) = -1,003M - Subtract: Tax paid = -1,282M → FFO = 3,161 - 1,003 - 1,282 = **876,000,000 EUR**. **2. Identify Net Debt** S&P net debt = - Short-term + long-term debt - Plus lease liabilities (if any) - Minus cash and equivalents - Plus certain other financial liabilities like derivatives net of receivables (if material). From the balance sheet at end of 2022: - Non-current financial liabilities: **71,058,000,000 EUR** - Current financial liabilities: **71,844,000,000 EUR** - Cash and cash equivalents: **10,948,000,000 EUR** Net debt = 71,058M + 71,844M - 10,948M = **131,954,000,000 EUR**. **3. FFO / Net Debt** = 876M / 131,954M ≈ **0.00664** Final value as requested: 0.00664