Let’s go through this step-by-step. **Step 1 – Calculate EBITDA for 2022 and 2021** From the income statement data: *2022* Revenue: 20,082,000,000 Other Revenue: 548,200,000 Total Revenue: 20,630,200,000 Operating costs: Raw Materials: 16,730,000,000 Services: 2,105,800,000 Employee Benefits: 601,100,000 Other Expense: 74,900,000 Less Other Work Capitalised: (82,500,000) Total Operating Costs: 19,429,300,000 EBITDA = Total Revenue – Operating Costs = 20,630,200,000 – 19,429,300,000 = 1,200,900,000 *2021* Revenue: 10,555,300,000 Other Revenue: 400,100,000 Total Revenue: 10,955,400,000 Operating costs: Raw Materials: 6,668,500,000 Services: 2,464,600,000 Employee Benefits: 592,800,000 Other Expense: 66,500,000 Less Other Work Capitalised: (60,800,000) Total Operating Costs: 9,731,600,000 EBITDA = 10,955,400,000 – 9,731,600,000 = 1,223,800,000 --- **Step 2 – Estimate Net Debt for 2022 and 2021** Net Debt = (Noncurrent Financial Liabilities + Current Financial Liabilities + Noncurrent Lease Liabilities + Current Lease Liabilities) – (Cash and Cash Equivalents + Current Financial Assets + Noncurrent Financial Assets) *2022* Financial Liabilities: Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 5,689,900,000 Current Financial Liabilities: 650,100,000 Noncurrent Lease Liabilities: 55,100,000 Current Lease Liabilities: 21,300,000 Total Debt: 6,416,400,000 Financial Assets: Cash: 1,942,400,000 Current Financial Assets: 77,700,000 Noncurrent Financial Assets: 151,800,000 Total Financial Assets: 2,171,900,000 Net Debt 2022 = 6,416,400,000 – 2,171,900,000 = 4,244,500,000 *2021* Financial Liabilities: Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 3,716,000,000 Current Financial Liabilities: 499,700,000 Noncurrent Lease Liabilities: 53,200,000 Current Lease Liabilities: 43,400,000 Total Debt: 4,312,300,000 Financial Assets: Cash: 885,600,000 Current Financial Assets: 29,300,000 Noncurrent Financial Assets: 142,700,000 Total Financial Assets: 1,057,600,000 Net Debt 2021 = 4,312,300,000 – 1,057,600,000 = 3,254,700,000 --- **Step 3 – Net Debt/EBITDA ratios** 2022: 4,244,500,000 / 1,200,900,000 ≈ 3.53x 2021: 3,254,700,000 / 1,223,800,000 ≈ 2.66x --- **Step 4 – Year-on-year change** Change = 3.53 – 2.66 = +0.87x This is an increase of more than 0.3x, meaning it’s **Deteriorating**. Deteriorating