Step 1 — Relevant industry REDEIA Corporacion SA is primarily an electricity transmission/network infrastructure group, operating regulated electricity transmission assets. The relevant methodology is therefore **Regulated Utilities**. The key ratio requested is S&P-adjusted **FFO to debt**. Step 2 — Estimate Adjusted EBITDA Reported operating profit for 2022: - Profit from operating activities = EUR 961,554,000 - Depreciation and amortisation expense = EUR 544,992,000 Reconstructed EBITDA: \[ EBITDA = 961{,}554{,}000 + 544{,}992{,}000 = 1{,}506{,}546{,}000 \] No lease, pension deficit, guarantee, hybrid, or clear nonrecurring adjustment data is provided, so no additional adjustments are applied. \[ Adjusted\ EBITDA \approx 1{,}506{,}546{,}000 \] Step 3 — Estimate FFO Use the baseline formula: \[ FFO = Adjusted\ EBITDA - cash\ interest - cash\ taxes \] Cash interest: - Interest paid classified as operating activities = EUR 123,524,000 - Interest paid classified as financing activities = EUR 0 \[ cash\ interest = 123{,}524{,}000 \] Cash taxes: - Income taxes paid/refund classified as operating activities = EUR 363,996,000 \[ cash\ taxes = 363{,}996{,}000 \] Therefore: \[ FFO = 1{,}506{,}546{,}000 - 123{,}524{,}000 - 363{,}996{,}000 \] \[ FFO = 1{,}019{,}026{,}000 \] Step 4 — Estimate Adjusted Debt Reported debt is estimated using current and noncurrent borrowings: - Long-term borrowings = EUR 5,491,124,000 - Current borrowings and current portion of noncurrent borrowings = EUR 721,845,000 \[ reported\ debt = 5{,}491{,}124{,}000 + 721{,}845{,}000 = 6{,}212{,}969{,}000 \] Eligible cash: - Cash and cash equivalents = EUR 794,824,000 No other debt-like adjustment data is provided, so: \[ Adjusted\ Debt = 6{,}212{,}969{,}000 - 794{,}824{,}000 \] \[ Adjusted\ Debt = 5{,}418{,}145{,}000 \] Step 5 — Calculate FFO / Adjusted Debt \[ FFO / Adjusted\ Debt = \frac{1{,}019{,}026{,}000}{5{,}418{,}145{,}000} \] \[ FFO / Adjusted\ Debt = 0.1880793 \] Rounded to four decimal places: 0.1881