To estimate the S&P-adjusted FFO-to-debt ratio for TenneT Holding B.V. for the fiscal year 2022, we follow the steps outlined: ### 1. Identify Industry TenneT Holding B.V. is a **Regulated Utility** (transmission system operator). ### 2. Estimate Adjusted_EBITDA - **Reported EBITDA:** Profit Loss from Operating Activities + Depreciation & Amortisation = -976M + 1233M = 257M EUR. - **Adjustments:** - Operating Expense includes items like energy transmission charges, which are often pass-through; however, using standard accounting: - Add Depreciation: 1,233M - Add Employee Benefits: 285M - Subtract Other Gains/Losses: -38M - Adjusted EBITDA = 257M + Other adjustments. Given the reported Operating Profit (-976M) is heavily impacted by energy transmission charges (7,517M), we adjust for the core operating performance. Following S&P's approach for utilities: - Adjusted EBITDA ≈ 257M (Operating Profit + D&A). ### 3. Estimate FFO - **Formula:** FFO = Adjusted_EBITDA - Cash Interest - Cash Taxes - **Cash Interest:** Interest Paid Classified As Financing Activities = 202M - **Cash Taxes:** Income Taxes Paid = 231M - **FFO:** 257M - 202M - 231M = -176M EUR. ### 4. Estimate Adjusted_Debt - **Reported Debt:** - Longterm Borrowings: 12,366M - Shortterm Borrowings: 1,339M - Current Bank Overdrafts: 64M - Noncurrent Lease Liabilities: 235M - Current Lease Liabilities: 169M - Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities: 183M - Other Current Financial Liabilities: 281M - Total Debt = 12,366 + 1,339 + 64 + 235 + 169 + 183 + 281 = 14,637M - **Hybrid Adjustment:** Hybrid Capital (2,125M) is typically 50% treated as equity by S&P (1,062.5M). - **Cash Adjustment:** Cash and Cash Equivalents = 3,204M - **Adjusted_Debt:** (14,637M + 1,062.5M) - 3,204M = 12,495.5M EUR. ### 5. Calculate Ratio - **FFO / Adjusted_Debt:** -176M / 12,495.5M = -0.014085... Rounding to four decimal places, we get -0.0141. -0.0141