**Step 1: Identify the relevant industry** "Electricité de France" (EDF) is a major electricity utility. Based on the provided S&P methodologies, it falls under the **Regulated Utilities** sector, specifically within the "Electricity National industry and utilities" subsector. **Step 2: Estimate Adjusted_Debt** Following the S&P baseline formula for Adjusted Debt: * **Reported Debt:** We sum the financial liabilities from the balance sheet. * Other Noncurrent Financial Liabilities (2022-12-31): 71,058,000,000 EUR * Other Current Financial Liabilities (2022-12-31): 71,844,000,000 EUR * Total Reported Debt = 71,058,000,000 + 71,844,000,000 = 142,902,000,000 EUR. * **Leases:** There are no operating lease liabilities explicitly reported in the balance sheet facts provided. Thus, lease addition is 0. * **Pension Deficit:** S&P adds the net defined benefit pension deficit. From the balance sheet, we have Noncurrent Provisions for Employee Benefits of 16,231,000,000 EUR. However, without the fair value of plan assets or specific pension deficit disclosures in the given facts, we cannot calculate a net deficit to add. Thus, pension deficit addition is 0. * **Guarantees & Other debt-like items:** None are identified in the provided facts. * **Hybrid Debt Portion:** S&P typically treats subordinated perpetual bonds as part of intermediate equity/debt depending on their characteristics. The cash flow statement shows "Proceeds From Issue Of Subordinated Liabilities And Convertible Instruments" and "Payments To Holders Of Perpetual Subordinated Bonds". The change in equity section shows redemptions of 1,025,000,000 EUR and payments of 606,000,000 EUR, but lacks the outstanding principal balance. Without the balance, we treat this as 0. * **Eligible Cash:** We use Cash And Cash Equivalents (2022-12-31) = 10,948,000,000 EUR. Adjusted_Debt = 142,902,000,000 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 - 10,948,000,000 = 131,954,000,000 EUR. **Step 3: Estimate Adjusted_EBITDA** Following the baseline formula for Adjusted EBITDA: * **EBITDA (Reported/Reconstructed):** We start with the reported "Operating Profit Before Depreciation And Amortisation" (EBE in French reporting, equivalent to EBITDA) for the period 2022-01-01 to 2023-01-01, which is -4,986,000,000 EUR. * **Adjustment for Leases:** Since no lease liabilities are reported, there is no lease interest/dep amortization add-back. Thus, 0. * **Nonrecurring Losses/Gains:** S&P adds back impairment losses. The reported "Impairment Loss Reversal Of Impairment Loss Recognised In Profit Or Loss" is a net reversal (gain) of 1,762,000,000 EUR. To normalize EBITDA to recurring operations, we subtract this nonrecurring gain. * Adjusted EBITDA = -4,986,000,000 - 1,762,000,000 = -6,748,000,000 EUR. * **Pension Adjustments / Joint Venture Proportional EBITDA / Other Normalization Adjustments:** No sufficient data provided to make these adjustments. Thus, 0. Adjusted_EBITDA = -6,748,000,000 EUR. **Step 4: Calculate Adjusted_Debt / Adjusted_EBITDA** * Ratio = Adjusted_Debt / Adjusted_EBITDA * Ratio = 131,954,000,000 / -6,748,000,000 * Ratio = -19.5543... Rounding to two decimal places gives -19.55. -19.55